ISC Class 12 • 2023 • 4 Marks

Probability: Binomial Distribution Coin Toss Probabilities

Official examination question with verified M1/A1 mark scheme and step-by-step mathematical reasoning.

Problem Statement

An unbiased coin is tossed $6$ times. Find the probability of getting: (i) Exactly $4$ heads. (ii) At least $4$ heads.

Verified Solution & Marking Scheme

Identify Binomial Model Parameters
$n = 6, p = \frac{1}{2}, q = 1 - p = \frac{1}{2}$. $P(X = r) = \binom{6}{r} \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^r \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{6-r} = \binom{6}{r} \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^6 = \frac{\binom{6}{r}}{64}$
Part (i): Exactly 4 Heads
$P(X = 4) = \frac{\binom{6}{4}}{64} = \frac{15}{64}$
Part (ii): At Least 4 Heads
$P(X \ge 4) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) = \frac{\binom{6}{4} + \binom{6}{5} + \binom{6}{6}}{64} = \frac{15 + 6 + 1}{64} = \frac{22}{64} = \frac{11}{32}$
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