CBSE Class 11 • 2023 • 4 Marks

Complex Numbers & Quadratic Equations: Algebraic Expansion of Complex Cubes

Official examination question with verified M1/A1 mark scheme and step-by-step mathematical reasoning.

Problem Statement

If $(x + iy)^3 = u + iv$, then prove that: $\frac{u}{x} + \frac{v}{y} = 4(x^2 - y^2)$

Verified Solution & Marking Scheme

Expand (x + iy)³ Using Binomial Theorem
$(x + iy)^3 = x^3 + 3x^2(iy) + 3x(iy)^2 + (iy)^3$ $= x^3 + 3x^2 y i - 3xy^2 - i y^3$ $= (x^3 - 3xy^2) + i (3x^2 y - y^3)$
Equate Real and Imaginary Parts
Given $(x + iy)^3 = u + iv$: $u = x^3 - 3xy^2 = x(x^2 - 3y^2)$ $v = 3x^2 y - y^3 = y(3x^2 - y^2)$
Evaluate u/x and v/y and Add
$\frac{u}{x} = x^2 - 3y^2$ $\frac{v}{y} = 3x^2 - y^2$ $\frac{u}{x} + \frac{v}{y} = (x^2 - 3y^2) + (3x^2 - y^2) = 4x^2 - 4y^2 = 4(x^2 - y^2)$.
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