CBSE Class 12 • 2023 • 4 Marks

Vectors & 3D Geometry: Equation of Line Perpendicular to Two Lines

Curated examination question with verified M1/A1 mark scheme and step-by-step mathematical reasoning.

Problem Statement

Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line passing through the point $(1, 2, -4)$ and perpendicular to the two lines: $$\frac{x - 8}{3} = \frac{y + 19}{-16} = \frac{z - 10}{7} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{x - 15}{3} = \frac{y - 29}{8} = \frac{z - 5}{-5}$$

Verified Solution & Marking Scheme

Identify direction vectors b1 and b2
Direction vectors of given lines are: $$\vec{b}_1 = 3\hat{i} - 16\hat{j} + 7\hat{k} \quad \text{and} \quad \vec{b}_2 = 3\hat{i} + 8\hat{j} - 5\hat{k}$$
Find direction vector of desired line via cross product b1 × b2
$$\vec{b} = \vec{b}_1 \times \vec{b}_2 = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 3 & -16 & 7 \\ 3 & 8 & -5 \end{vmatrix}$$ $$= \hat{i}(80 - 56) - \hat{j}(-15 - 21) + \hat{k}(24 - (-48))$$ $$= 24\hat{i} + 36\hat{j} + 72\hat{k} = 12(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 6\hat{k})$$ We can take the direction ratios as $(2, 3, 6)$.
Write Vector and Cartesian equations
The line passes through point $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}$: Vector equation: $\vec{r} = (\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}) + \lambda(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 6\hat{k})$. Cartesian equation: $\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y - 2}{3} = \frac{z + 4}{6}$.
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