Probability

Board: GSEB Class: 9

Chapter Overview

Probability measures the chance of an event occurring. Empirical (experimental) probability P(E) = number of trials with favorable outcome / total number of trials. As the number of trials increases, the experimental probability approaches the theoretical probability. Examples include coin tosses, dice rolls, drawing cards, and real-world situations. The probability of an event lies between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Topics Covered

Empirical Probability
Experimental Approach
Coin Toss Experiments
Dice Experiments
Card Experiments
Probability Scale
Trial and Outcome

Key Formulas

P(E) = favorable trials / total trials

0 <= P(E) <= 1

P(certain event) = 1

P(impossible event) = 0

Real-World Applications

Applications: Weather forecasting, sports analytics, game design, quality testing, decision making.

Study Tips

Tip: Understand the experimental approach to probability

Tip: Conduct real experiments with coins and dice

Tip: Practice probability problems systematically