Probability

Board: GSEB Class: 11

Chapter Overview

Probability = favorable outcomes / total outcomes. The chapter covers random experiments, sample spaces, events (simple, compound, mutually exclusive), and the axiomatic approach. The addition theorem states P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A n B). For mutually exclusive events, P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B).

Topics Covered

Random Experiments
Sample Spaces
Events and Types
Axiomatic Probability
Addition Theorem
Mutually Exclusive Events
Exhaustive Events

Key Formulas

P(E) = favorable/total

0 <= P(E) <= 1

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A n B)

P(A') = 1 - P(A)

Real-World Applications

Applications: Gambling, insurance, weather prediction, medical diagnosis, and risk assessment.

Study Tips

Tip: Define the sample space first

Tip: Practice with coins, dice, and cards

Tip: Learn to identify mutually exclusive events