Probability

Board: GSEB Class: 10

Chapter Overview

Probability quantifies the likelihood of events. The theoretical (classical) probability of an event E is P(E) = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible outcomes. The sum of probabilities of all elementary events of an experiment is 1. The probability of a sure event is 1, and the probability of an impossible event is 0. Complementary events: P(E) + P(not E) = 1. Problems involve coins, dice, cards, and real-life scenarios.

Topics Covered

Theoretical Probability
Experimental Probability
Elementary Events
Sure and Impossible Events
Complementary Events
Coin Problems
Dice Problems
Card Problems

Key Formulas

P(E) = favorable outcomes/total outcomes

P(E) + P(not E) = 1

0 <= P(E) <= 1

P(sure event) = 1

P(impossible event) = 0

Real-World Applications

Applications: Games of chance, weather prediction, risk assessment, decision making, quality testing.

Study Tips

Tip: Define the sample space first for each problem

Tip: Practice problems with coins, dice, and cards

Tip: Understand the complement concept well